Tenses merupakan bahan ajaran atau komponen penting dalam mempelajari bahasa inggris terutama, bagi mahasiswa jurusan pendidikan bahasa inggris. Hal ini karena, jika tata penulisan bahasa inggris itu tidak sesuai dengan urutannya maka akan membingungkan pembaca. Dan isi atau tujuan penulis menulis karangn tersebut itu tidak dapat tersampaikan dengan baik.Dan pembelajaran tenses ini jugaberkaitan dengan penulisan skripsi saat menamatkan pendidikan bahasa inggris ini. 1. SIMPLE PAST TENSE A. DEFINITION To express an activity or situation began and ended at a paricular time in the past. B. CHARATHERISTIC a. Using Verb 2 1. Regular Verb The form of this make with give d/ed for Verb 1 (verb 1 + d/ed) 2. The verb is added by ‘e’ just give ‘d’. Ex : love (loved), like (liked), type (typed), hope (hoped), devide (devided), realize (realized). b. In negatif or interogatif sentences using auxiliary verb “did”. And the verb which use is the verb in verb 1 form. So, Verb 2 just use when the sentence is in positif form. Ex : I went to your house last night. Did you do the test last morning? c. Time signal such as, last week, last month, a week, a month, this night, this morning, yesterday, ago, etc. Ex : I didn’t find the letter last month. Andi played guitar last night . C. USAGE a. Use to show an event in past time which call the time isn’t clear. Ex : 1. They were not here yesterday 1. She went to malang a week ago. 2. Did you come to her house last night? b. Use to show an event which being in the past time which is known by question about that event time. c. Use to show an event that have clear being or doing in the past but donn’t call the time of event exactly. d. Use to tell about an event that the time of the activity being clear or can known as a result from the question and theanswer which is told in the present perfect tense. e. Use to tell about an event which is done or been in the past time that did not call clearly the time exactly. f. Use to tell for an activity which is done as a usual in the past time. D. EXAMPLE a. Positif (+) i. Verbal 1. A postman delivered letters last morning 2. She went to malang a week ago. ii. Nominal 1. They were here yesterday 2. I was busy a week ago b. Negatif (+) i. Verbal 1. A postman didn’t deliver letters last morning 2. She didn’t go to malang a week ago. ii. Nominal 1. They weren’t here yesterday 2. I wasn’t busy a week ago c. Interogatif (+) i. Verbal 1. Did a postman deliver letters last morning? 2. Did she go to malang a week ago? ii. Nominal 1. Were they here yesterday? 2. Was you busy a week ago? 2. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE A. DEFINITION To express a general fact in other cases it expresess B. CHARATHERISTIC a. Use simple form Verb and add letter ‘s’ in the third person singular (He, She, It) Ex : He speak s loudly Ex : A man write s with his hands. b. (He, She, It) using has and (I, You, We, and They) using have. Ex : He has a book Ex : I have a chair c. Question begins with do (I, You,We, and They) or does (He, She, It). Ex : Do you know him? Ex : Does he go out? d. After do/does alwasys use thesimple form of the principal Verb. Ex : He doesn’t go out? Ex : They don’t go out? e. Time signal are usually; every day, every month, and twice a week, etc. Ex : He work every day . Ex : They go picnic twice a week . C. USAGE a. It is used to describe a habitual action or those which take place fairly regularly. Ex : he drives to work b. Used with adverbs or adverb phrases such us; always, never, often, seldom, sometime, usually,even week, twice a year, etc. Ex : I always go by a car. c. Used to express universal truths, fact or ideas that are true or believed to be true for all time. Ex : Dry wood burns easyly. d. Used to refer to actions or states which are true at the present moment. Ex : They work six day a week. D. EXAMPLE a. Positif (+) i. Verbal 1. A postman delivers letters 2. He drives a car ii. Nominal 1. He is here 2. I am busy b. Negatif (-) i. Verbal 1. He does not (doesn’t) drive a car 2. A postman do not (don’t) deliver letters ii. Nominal 1. He is not here 2. I am not busy c. Interogatif (?) i. Verbal 1. Does he drive a car? 2. Do a postman deliver letters? ii. Nominal 1. Is he here? 2. Are you busy? 3. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE A. DEFINITION To express action in the future B. CHARATHERISTIC a. Using modal Will and Shall i. Will Ex : I will meet him tomorrow ii. Shall Ex : I shall call us next sunday b. Followed by Verb 1 Ex : I will meet him tomorrow Modal verb 1 c. Placed after subject Ex : I will meet him tomorrow subject Modal d. Shall use for (I,We) and Will usefor all subject (I, You, We, They, He, She, It) Ex : I will meet him tomorrow Ex : I shall call us next sunday Ex : You will drive this car fastly Ex : we shall remember you’r sugestion e. Time signal ( tomorrow, next .. ., to night, etc) Ex : I will meet him tomorrow Ex : I shall call us next sunday Ex : You will drive this car fastly to night C. USAGE Use for explain about activity which will do in the future. D. EXAMPLE a. Positif (+) i. Verbal 1. I will go to jakarta tomorrow 2. We shall play badminton next sunday ii. Nominal 1. I’ll be busy tomorrow 2. She’ll be late tomorrow b. Negatif (-) i. Verbal 1. I will not (won’t) go to jakartatomorrow 2. We shall not (shan’t) play badminton next sunday ii. Nominal 1. I won’t be busy tomorrow 2. She won’t be late tomorrow c. Interogatif (?) i. Verbal 1. Will you go to jakarta tomorrow? 2. Shall we play badminton next Sunday? ii. Nominal 1. Will you be busy tomorrow 2. Will she be late tomorrow 3. What time will they be at home? Note : *. To express Willingness : use only WILL *. To express a PRIOR PLAN : use only BE GOING TO 4. SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE A. DEFINITION To expresses the idea that something happened (or never happened) before now, at an unspecified time in the past . Theexact time it happened is not important. B. CHARATHERISTIC 1. Using Have/Has and past participle Ex : I have told you before. 2. To express action that took place in the past and continiousing to the present. Ex : I have tought this class for ten year. 3. To express action just concluded when the resulting state is still present. Ex : I have lost my pen, I’m unable to do my exercise. 4. Time signals for present perfect tense are indicated by since, this week, up to now, so far, not yet, already, often, once, twice, etc. Ex : I have gone to your hause this week . C. USAGE Not only expresses the idea thatsomething happened but also, expresses the repetition of an activity before now. D. EXAMPLE a. Positif (+) i. Verbal 1. I have read this magazine already 2. She has never seen a tiger ii. Nominal 1. They have been to japan many times 2. She has been to jakarta manytimes b. Negatif (-) i. Verbal 1. I have not (haven’t) read this magazine already 2. She has not (hasn’t) never seen a tiger ii. Nominal 1. They have been not to japan many times 2. She has been not to jakarta many times c. Interogatif (?) i. Verbal 1. Have you read this magazine already? 2. Has she never seen a tiger? ii. Nominal 1. Have they been to japan manytimes? 2. Has she been to jakarta manytimes? Note : i. The exact time in present perfect of each repetition isn’t important. 5. SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINIOUS TENSE A. DEFINITION To express event or activity that happens in process B. CHARATHERISTIC a. Using time signal such as now, right now, at present, today, this morning, this afternoon, tonight, at the moment, this week, these day etc. Ex : a) We are studying english now b) I am not listening the music this afternoon c) He is writing a book these days . b. Use “to be” and “-ing form” e.g: Ex : The student is writ ing the lesson c. To express futurity, with verbs of movement like “go, come, leave, etc, e.g. Ex : a) Lina is go ing to bandung next friday. b) Her soon is com ing here next week. d. A question begins with the auxiliary “am” or “is” or “are”, e.g. Ex : a) Is he working hard? b) Are you studying English? e. Verbs not used in the Continious Tense. § Verbs of perception, e.g : see, hear, feel, taste, smell; and the states of mind, feelings, or relationship, e.g : love, hate, know, understand, remember, believe, seem, look, appear, belong; e.g: Ex : a) I don’t see anything there b) Do you taste durian in this pudding? C. USAGE a. The present continious tense is used to express an action or event, which is taking palce at the present moment. Ex : a) Please don’t make so much noise i’m working b) ‘where’s suryani?’ she’s reading a book. c) Let’s go out now! It’s not raining any more d) (at a party) Hello, firdaus. Are you enjoying the party? e) I’m tired. I’m going tobed now. Goodnight! b. It is also used for an action orevent, which exists in the present, but it is not necessarilytaking place at the moment of speaking. Ex : a) Hakim wants to work in Italy, so he’ s learning Italian. b) He is teaching in a private school c. The present continious tense is used to talk about things happenig in period around now. (for ex, today, this week, this evening, etc.) Ex : a) You are working hard today. ‘Yes, I have a lot of to do’. b) ‘ Is susan working this week?’. ‘No, she’s on holiday’ d. The present continious tense is also used to talk about changes happening around now. Ex : a) The population of the world is rising very fast. b) Is your english getting better? D. EXAMPLE a. Positif (+) i. Verbal 1. He is learning Italian 2. The population of the world is rising very fast b. Negatif (-) i. Verbal 1. He is not learning Italian 2. The population of the world is not rising very fast c. Interogatif (?) i. Verbal 1. Is he learning Italian? 2. Is the population of the world rising very fast?